AS Philosophy
Home
What is knowledge
Perception
The Origin of Knowledge
The Concept of God
Arguments Relating to the Existence of God
Religious Language
Home
What is knowledge
Perception
The Origin of Knowledge
The Concept of God
Arguments Relating to the Existence of God
Religious Language
What is Knowledge?
The syllabus is below. Click on the links to pull some revision resources down.
Howard Simmon's excellent basic guide to this area of the syllabus is
here.
Michael Lacewing's Routledge resources are
here
.
The distinction between: acquaintance knowledge, ability knowledge and propositional knowledge (knowing ‘of’, knowing ‘how’ and knowing ‘that’) –
define with an example only
A priori versus a posteriori knowledge –
can you define, give examples of each kind, explain their utility.
Necessary and sufficient conditions – can you define with an example? (JTB would do!)
The tripartite view: justified true belief is necessary and sufficient for propositional knowledge (S knows that p only if S is justified in believing that p, p is true and S believes that p)
Issue: justification is not a necessary condition of knowledge -
Issue: truth is not a necessary condition of knowledge
Issue: belief is not a necessary condition of knowledge.
Issue: Gettier-style problems/cases of lucky true beliefs show that the justification condition should be either
strengthened
,
added
to or
replaced
Response:
strengthen
the justification condition: infallibilism and the requirement for an impossibility of doubt (Descartes)
Response:
add
a ‘no false lemmas’ condition (J+T+B+N)
Response:
replace
‘justified’ with ‘reliably formed’ (R+T+B) (reliabilism)
Response:
replace
‘justified’ with an account of epistemic virtue (V+T+B).